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Common symptoms of foodborne illness typically include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. These symptoms arise as the body's response to harmful pathogens or toxins ingested through contaminated food or beverages.

When foodborne pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, enter the gastrointestinal system, they can cause inflammation and irritation, leading to these acute symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are often the body's way of expelling harmful substances, while diarrhea can help flush out the pathogens from the intestinal tract. Stomach cramps may occur as a result of muscular contractions in the digestive system reacting to the infection.

Other symptoms, like fever and headaches, are less specific to foodborne illness and can occur due to a variety of health issues. Similarly, skin rashes and allergic reactions often relate to food allergies rather than foodborne illnesses specifically. Fatigue and weight loss may develop as a consequence of prolonged illness but are not immediate symptoms associated with foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the most direct and typical response to foodborne pathogens is represented by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.